Polish

• ? ? stand for a and e with ogonek (tail);
• c' n' s' z' stand for c n s z with an acute accent;
• l/ stands for l with an acute crossbar;
• z* stands for z with a superposed dot.

Vowels

 The vowel system comprises 8 phonemes, as follows. Those symbolized with ~ are nasalized.

        SAMPA symbol    Orthography             Transcription

        i               PIT                     pit

        I               typ                     tIp

        e               test                    test

        a               pat                     pat

        o               pot                     pot

        u               puk                     puk

        e~              g?s'                    ge~s'

        o~              w?s                     vo~s

The consonant system comprises 29 phonemes, as follows. The symbol ' indicates palatalization.

        p               pik                     pik

        b               bit                     bit     

        t               test                    test

        d               dym                     dIm     

        k               kit                     kit

        g               gen                     gen

        f               fan                     fan

        v               wilk                    vilk

        s               syk                     sIk

        z               zbir                    zbir

        S               szyk                    SIk     

        Z               z*yto                   ZIto

        s'              s'wit                   s'vit

        z'              z'le                    z'le

        x               hymn                    xImn

        ts              cyk                     tsIk

        dz              dzwon                   dzvon

        tS              czyn                    tSIn

        dZ              dz*em                   dZem

        ts'             c'ma                    ts'ma

        dz'             dz'wig                  dz'vik

        m               mysz                    mIS             

        n               nasz                    naS

        n'              kon'                    kon'

        N               p?k                     peNk

        l               luk                     luk

        r               ryk                     rIk

        w               l/yk                    wIk

        j               jak                     jak

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Maintained by J.C. Wells. Created 1996 Sep 06

Тверской государственный университет